According to Donald Lopez Jr., "... he tended to be known as either Buddha or Sakyamuni in China, Korea, Japan, and Tibet, and as either Gotama Buddha or Samana Gotama (“the ascetic Gotama”) in Sri Lanka and Southeast Asia."[14]
Buddha, "Awakened One" or "Enlightened One,"[9][15][f] is the masculine form of budh (बुध् ), "to wake, be awake, observe, heed, attend, learn, become aware of, to know, be conscious again,"[16] "to awaken"[17][18] ""to open up" (as does a flower),"[18] "one who has awakened from the deep sleep of ignorance and opened his consciousness to encompass all objects of knowledge."[18] It is not a personal name, but a title for those who have attained bodhi (awakening, enlightenment).[17] Buddhi, the power to "form and retain concepts, reason, discern, judge, comprehend, understand,"[16] is the faculty which discerns truth (satya) from falsehood.
The name of his clan was Gautama (Pali: Gotama). His given name was "Siddhārtha" (Sanskrit; P. Siddhattha; T. Don grub; C. Xidaduo; J. Shiddatta/Shittatta; K. Siltalta) means "He Who Achieves His Goal."[19] The clan name of Gautama means "descendant of Gotama", "Gotama" meaning "one who has the most light,"[20] and comes from the fact that Kshatriya clans adopted the names of their house priests.[21][22]
While the term "Buddha" is used in the Agamas and the Pali Canon, the oldest surviving written records of the term "Buddha" is from the middle of the 3rd century BCE, when several Edicts of Ashoka (reigned c. 269–232 BCE) mention the Buddha and Buddhism.[23][24] Ashoka's Lumbini pillar inscription commemorates the Emperor's pilgrimage to Lumbini as the Buddha's birthplace, calling him the Buddha Shakyamuni[j] (Brahmi script: 𑀩𑀼𑀥 𑀲𑀓𑁆𑀬𑀫𑀼𑀦𑀻 Bu-dha Sa-kya-mu-nī, "Buddha, Sage of the Shakyas").[25]
Shakyamuni (Sanskrit: [ɕaːkjɐmʊnɪ bʊddʱɐ]) means "Sage of the Shakyas."[26]
